Linus Shen, MD

Title(s)RESIDENT, Ophthalmology
SchoolSchool of Medicine
Address490 Illinois Street, #5312
San Francisco CA 94158
Phone415-476-1239
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0002-1823-0854 Additional info
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CTMD05/2021Medicine
    Duke University, Durham, NCBS05/2015Biomedical Engineering
    Collapse Awards and Honors
    The Heed Ophthalmic Foundation2024Heed Resident Retreat
    Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology2022AUPO/RPB Resident and Fellow Research Forum Award
    Yale School of Medicine 2021Graduated Cum Laude
    Yale School of Medicine2021The Keese Prize for Outstanding Thesis
    American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) Annual Meeting2020Top 10 Poster Award
    Department of Ophthalmology, Yale School of Medicine2020Best Medical Student Research Award
    New England Ophthalmological Society (NEOS) Meeting20202nd Place in the Scientific Poster Contest
    Department of Ophthalmology, Yale School of Medicine2019Best Medical Student Research Award
    Connecticut Society of Eye Physicians (CSEP) Scientific Meeting20192nd Place in the Scientific Poster Contest
    VA Connecticut Healthcare System2018Patient Safety Award
    New Haven County Medical Association Annual Meeting20182nd Place in the Scientific Poster Contest
    Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)2015Travel Grant
    Ophthalmic Technologies Conference in SPIE, Photonics West2015Pascal Rol Award Finalist (Top 4 Papers)
    Duke University2015The Edward D. “Ned” Light Memorial Award for Best Biomedical Engineering Research
    Duke University2015Graduated Summa Cum Laude
    International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF)20102nd Place

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    Collapse Overview
    I received a Bachelor of Science in Engineering degree summa cum laude from Duke University, where I worked on intraoperative optical coherence tomography, and co-invented and patented a stereoscopic heads-up display system for ophthalmic surgeries under the guidance of Drs. Joseph Izatt and Cynthia Toth. I then earned my medical degree cum laude from Yale School of Medicine. While working with Dr. Lucian Del Priore in medical school, I co-developed a novel statistical method (entry time realignment) to study the long-term natural history of diseases. Using this method, I investigated the decades-long progression of geographic atrophy, choroideremia, Stargardt disease, Huntington’s disease, and USH2A-retinopathy. I also studied the development of retinal nerve fiber in preterm infants using optical coherence tomography in Dr. Cynthia Toth’s lab. During my residency at the University of California San Francisco, I am working with Dr. Jay Stewart to investigate the impact of oral metformin on geographic atrophy progression and with Dr. Jacque Duncan to study the cone structure change in choroideremia. I am also studying the natural history of geographic atrophy through analyzing imaging data and deep learning. To date, I have authored/co-authored 40 peer-reviewed publications. As an aspiring physician-scientist, I am passionate about understanding ocular diseases and translating novel imaging techniques to improve the management of eye diseases.

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    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. METformin for the MINimization of Geographic Atrophy Progression (METforMIN): A Randomized Trial. Ophthalmol Sci. 2024 May-Jun; 4(3):100440. Shen LL, Keenan JD, Chahal N, Taha AT, Saroya J, Ma CJ, Sun M, Yang D, Psaras C, Callander J, Flaxel C, Fawzi AA, Schlesinger TK, Wong RW, Bryan Leung LS, Eaton AM, Steinle NC, Telander DG, Afshar AR, Neuwelt MD, Lim JI, Yiu GC, Stewart JM. PMID: 38284098; PMCID: PMC10810745.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    2. Re: Patel et al.: A cost-effectiveness analysis of pegcetacoplan for the treatment of geographic atrophy. (Ophthalmol Retina. 2024;8:25-31). Ophthalmol Retina. 2024 Feb; 8(2):e3. Shen LL, Del Priore LV. PMID: 37865911.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    3. Longitudinal Choroidal Development in Preterm Infants. Ophthalmol Sci. 2024 Jan-Feb; 4(1):100359. Michalak SM, Mangalesh S, Chen Y, Shen LL, Tai V, Winter K, Sarin N, Ying GS, Toth CA, Vajzovic L, BabySTEPS Group. PMID: 37877004; PMCID: PMC10591002.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    4. Local progression kinetics of macular atrophy in recessive Stargardt disease. Ophthalmic Genet. 2023 Dec; 44(6):539-546. Young BK, Zhao PY, Shen LL, Fahim AT, Jayasundera KT. PMID: 37381907; PMCID: PMC10755069.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. The influence of the topographic location of geographic atrophy on vision-related quality of life in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2023 Mar; 261(3):699-708. Ahluwalia A, Shen LL, Bao Y, Sun M, Young BK, Park MM, Del Priore LV. PMID: 36269402.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    6. Biphasic change in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness from 30 to 60 weeks postmenstrual age in preterm infants. Br J Ophthalmol. 2023 Nov; 107(11):1680-1686. Shen LL, Mangalesh S, McGeehan B, Seely KR, Tai V, Sarin N, Finkle J, Winter KP, Tran-Viet D, Freedman SF, El-Dairi MA, Ying GS, Toth CA. PMID: 36113954; PMCID: PMC10270321.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    
    7. Association Between Retinal Microanatomy in Preterm Infants and 9-Month Visual Acuity. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2022 07 01; 140(7):699-706. Seely KR, Mangalesh S, Shen LL, McGeehan B, Ying GS, Sarin N, Vajzovic L, Prakalapakorn SG, Freedman SF, Toth CA, BabySTEPS Group. PMID: 35653144; PMCID: PMC9164120.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    8. A hierarchical Bayesian entry time realignment method to study the long-term natural history of diseases. Sci Rep. 2022 03 22; 12(1):4869. Shen LL, Del Priore LV, Warren JL. PMID: 35318383; PMCID: PMC8941125.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    9. Subretinal Drusenoid Deposit Formation: Insights From Turing Patterns. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2022 Mar 02; 11(3):5. Young BK, Shen LL, Del Priore LV. PMID: 35254421; PMCID: PMC8914568.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. An In Silica Model for RPE Loss Patterns in Choroideremia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021 11 01; 62(14):10. Young BK, Shen LL, Del Priore LV. PMID: 34779822; PMCID: PMC8606796.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    11. Topographic Variation of Retinal Vascular Density in Normal Eyes Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2021 10 04; 10(12):15. Park MM, Young BK, Shen LL, Adelman RA, Del Priore LV. PMID: 34647965; PMCID: PMC8525867.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    
    12. Local Progression Kinetics of Geographic Atrophy Depends Upon the Border Location. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021 10 04; 62(13):28. Shen LL, Sun M, Ahluwalia A, Park MM, Young BK, Del Priore LV. PMID: 34709347; PMCID: PMC8558522.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. Associations of systemic health and medication use with the enlargement rate of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2023 Feb; 107(2):261-266. Shen LL, Xie Y, Sun M, Ahluwalia A, Park MM, Young BK, Del Priore LV. PMID: 34489337; PMCID: PMC8898317.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. Associations between systemic health and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in preterm infants at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. Br J Ophthalmol. 2023 Feb; 107(2):242-247. Shen LL, Mangalesh S, Michalak SM, McGeehan B, Sarin N, Finkle J, Winter KP, Tran-Viet D, Benner EJ, Vajzovic L, Freedman SF, Younge N, Cotten CM, El-Dairi M, Ying GS, Toth C. PMID: 34389548; PMCID: PMC8858642.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    15. Systemic Factors Associated with a Thinner Choroid in Preterm Infants. Ophthalmology Science. 2021. Michalak SM, Mangalesh S, Shen LL, McGeehan B, Winter KP, Sarin N, Finkle J, Cotton CM, Ying G, Toth CA, Vajzovic L. View Publication.
    16. Systemic Factors Associated with a Thinner Choroid in Preterm Infants. Ophthalmol Sci. 2021 Jun; 1(2):100032. Michalak SM, Mangalesh S, Shen LL, McGeehan B, Winter KP, Sarin N, Finkle J, Cotten M, Ying GS, Toth CA, Vajzovic L. PMID: 36249299; PMCID: PMC9559969.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3  
    17. Geographic atrophy severity and mortality in age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021 Sep; 259(9):2643-2651. Ahluwalia A, Shen LL, Chen EM, Sun M, Park MM, Young BK, Del Priore LV. PMID: 33742280.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Natural history of central sparing in geographic atrophy secondary to non-exudative age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2022 05; 106(5):689-695. Shen LL, Sun M, Ahluwalia A, Park MM, Young BK, Lad EM, Toth C, Del Priore LV. PMID: 33361441; PMCID: PMC8813644.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Geographic Atrophy Growth Is Strongly Related to Lesion Perimeter: Unifying Effects of Lesion Area, Number, and Circularity on Growth. Ophthalmol Retina. 2021 09; 5(9):868-878. Shen LL, Sun M, Ahluwalia A, Young BK, Park MM, Del Priore LV. PMID: 33307218.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. Relationship of Topographic Distribution of Geographic Atrophy to Visual Acuity in Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina. 2021 08; 5(8):761-774. Shen LL, Sun M, Ahluwalia A, Young BK, Park MM, Toth CA, Lad EM, Del Priore LV. PMID: 33212271.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Birth Weight Is a Significant Predictor of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness at 36 Weeks Postmenstrual Age in Preterm Infants. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021 02; 222:41-53. Shen LL, Mangalesh S, McGeehan B, Tai V, Sarin N, El-Dairi MA, Freedman SF, Maguire MG, Toth CA, BabySTEPS Group. PMID: 32891695; PMCID: PMC7930155.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    22. Central geographic atrophy vs. neovascular age-related macular degeneration: differences in longitudinal vision-related quality of life. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021 Feb; 259(2):307-316. Ahluwalia A, Shen LL, Del Priore LV. PMID: 32813108.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    23. Long-term natural history of visual acuity in eyes with choroideremia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 1004 individual eyes. Br J Ophthalmol. 2021 02; 105(2):271-278. Shen LL, Ahluwalia A, Sun M, Young BK, Grossetta Nardini HK, Del Priore LV. PMID: 32471821; PMCID: PMC7704705.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    24. Reply. Ophthalmology. 2020 05; 127(5):e29-e30. Shen LL, Del Priore LV. PMID: 32327138.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Progression of Unifocal versus Multifocal Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ophthalmol Retina. 2020 09; 4(9):899-910. Shen LL, Sun M, Grossetta Nardini HK, Del Priore LV. PMID: 32423772; PMCID: PMC7483721.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. Long-term Natural History of Atrophy in Eyes with Choroideremia-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual-Level Data. Ophthalmol Retina. 2020 08; 4(8):840-852. Shen LL, Ahluwalia A, Sun M, Young BK, Grossetta Nardini HK, Del Priore LV. PMID: 32362554; PMCID: PMC7415675.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    27. Topographic Variation of the Growth Rate of Geographic Atrophy in Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020 Jan 23; 61(1):2. Shen LL, Sun M, Khetpal S, Grossetta Nardini HK, Del Priore LV. PMID: 31995152; PMCID: PMC7205189.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. RECLASSIFICATION OF FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE PATTERNS SURROUNDING GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY BASED ON PROGRESSION RATE: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Retina. 2019 Oct; 39(10):1829-1839. Shen LL, Liu F, Nardini HG, Del Priore LV. PMID: 30829988.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    29. Natural History of Autosomal Recessive Stargardt Disease in Untreated Eyes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Study- and Individual-Level Data. Ophthalmology. 2019 09; 126(9):1288-1296. Shen LL, Sun M, Grossetta Nardini HK, Del Priore LV. PMID: 31227323.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    30. Acute renal and splenic infarctions as the initial manifestations of atrial fibrillation. Lancet. 2019 May 04; 393(10183):1856. Shen LL, Qi W, Duarte J, Nagar A, Merchant NB. PMID: 31057170.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    31. Fellow Eye Status Is a Biomarker for the Progression Rate of Geographic Atrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 04; 3(4):305-315. Shen LL, Liu F, Grossetta Nardini HK, Del Priore LV. PMID: 31014681.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    32. Natural History of Geographic Atrophy in Untreated Eyes with Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018 09; 2(9):914-921. Shen L, Liu F, Grossetta Nardini H, Del Priore LV. PMID: 31047226.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    
    33. Real-Time Volumetric Imaging of Vitreoretinal Surgery with a Prototype Microscope-Integrated Swept-Source OCT Device. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018 05; 2(5):401-410. Seider MI, Carrasco-Zevallos OM, Gunther R, Viehland C, Keller B, Shen L, Hahn P, Mahmoud TH, Dandridge A, Izatt JA, Toth CA. PMID: 31047322.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    
    34. Intraocular Pressure and Big Bubble Diameter in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty: An Ex-Vivo Microscope-Integrated OCT With Heads-Up Display Study. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2017 Sep-Oct; 6(5):412-417. Bhullar PK, Carrasco-Zevallos OM, Dandridge A, Pasricha ND, Keller B, Shen L, Izatt JA, Toth CA, Kuo AN. PMID: 28930381; PMCID: PMC5658009.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    35. Intraoperative 4-Dimensional Microscope-Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided 27-Gauge Transvitreal Choroidal Biopsy for Choroidal Melanoma. Retina. 2017 04; 37(4):796-799. Grewal DS, Bhullar PK, Pasricha ND, Carrasco-Zevallos OM, Viehland C, Keller B, Shen L, Izatt JA, Kuo AN, Toth CA, Mruthyunjaya P. PMID: 27673716; PMCID: PMC5362285.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    36. Live volumetric (4D) visualization and guidance of in vivo human ophthalmic surgery with intraoperative optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep. 2016 08 19; 6:31689. Carrasco-Zevallos OM, Keller B, Viehland C, Shen L, Waterman G, Todorich B, Shieh C, Hahn P, Farsiu S, Kuo AN, Toth CA, Izatt JA. PMID: 27538478; PMCID: PMC4990849.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 52     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    37. Optical Coherence Tomography for Retinal Surgery: Perioperative Analysis to Real-Time Four-Dimensional Image-Guided Surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 07 01; 57(9):OCT37-50. Carrasco-Zevallos OM, Keller B, Viehland C, Shen L, Seider MI, Izatt JA, Toth CA. PMID: 27409495; PMCID: PMC4968921.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    38. Enhanced volumetric visualization for real time 4D intraoperative ophthalmic swept-source OCT. Biomed Opt Express. 2016 May 01; 7(5):1815-29. Viehland C, Keller B, Carrasco-Zevallos OM, Nankivil D, Shen L, Mangalesh S, Viet du T, Kuo AN, Toth CA, Izatt JA. PMID: 27231623; PMCID: PMC4871083.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31  
    39. Novel microscope-integrated stereoscopic heads-up display for intrasurgical optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express. 2016 May 01; 7(5):1711-26. Shen L, Carrasco-Zevallos O, Keller B, Viehland C, Waterman G, Hahn PS, Kuo AN, Toth CA, Izatt JA. PMID: 27231616; PMCID: PMC4871076.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20  
    40. Novel sulfonated Nafion®-based composite membranes with pillararene as selective artificial proton channels for application in direct methanol fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2015; 40(38):13071-13079. Shen L, Sun Z, Chu Y, Zou J, Deshusses MA. View Publication.
    41. A novel membrane for DMFC–Na2Ti3O7 Nanotubes/Nafion® composite membrane: performances studies. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2012; 37(2):1857-1864. Wei Y, Matar S, Shen L, Zhang X, Guo Z, Zhu H, Liu H. View Publication.
    42. Synthesis and characterization of novel nanocomposite membrane of sodium titanate/Nafion®. Materials Letters. 2011; 65(11):1684-1687. Wei Y, Shen L, Wang F, Yang W-D, Zhu H, Wang Z, Han K. View Publication.
    43. A novel membrane for DMFC - Na2Ti3O7 nanotubes/Nafion® composite membrane. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2010; 36(8):5088-5095. Wei Y, Shen L, Wang Z, Yang W-D, Zhu H, Liu H. View Publication.
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